Orangutan


TAXONOMY & NOMENCLATURE
(Fleagle, 1999)(Muir et al., 1998)(Tuttle, 2001)(Warren et al., 2001)
(Wilson & Reeder, 1993)(Xu & Arnason, 1996)


Describer (Date): Linnaeus, 1760 (Simia pygmaeus)

Kingdom:
Animalia
    Phylum: Chordata
        Class: Mammalia
             Order: Primates
                    Superfamily: Anthropoidea
                         Family: Hominidae (synonym: Pongidae)
                              Genus: Pongo
                                  Species: P. pgymaeus
                                        Subspecies: Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus, Bornean Orangutan
                                                            Pongo pygmaeus abelii, Sumatran Orangutan


Taxonomy and Nomenclature
Phylogeny

DISTRIBUTION & HABITAT
(Rijksen, and Meijaard, 1999)(Van Schaik et al., 1995)

Distribution Habitat

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(Delgado and van Shaik, 2000)(Groves, 1971)


Body Weight: males, 45-100 kg (99-220 lbs); females, 35-50 kg (77-110 lbs)
Body Length: (average):males, 956 mm (37 in.); females, 776 mm (30 in.)
Standing Height: (average): males, 1366 mm (54 in.); females, 1149 mm (45 in.)

General Pelage Sexual Dimorphism Sub-specific Differences: May be due to individual rather than sub specific differences

BEHAVIOR & ECOLOGY
(Galdikas, 1995)(Kaplan and Rogers, 1994)(Rijksen, 1978)(Rodman, 1977)
(Tuttle, 1986)(Tuttle and Cortright, 1988 )


Activity Cycle Social Groups

      General       Hierarchy       Territorial Behavior Aggression Play Communication

      Displays       Visual Signs       Vocalization       Olfaction/Scent Marking Locomotion Interspecies Interaction Other Behaviors

DIET & FEEDING
(Kaplan and Rogers, 1994)(Tuttle, 1986)


REPRODUCTION & DEVELOPMENT
(Benirschke, 2002)(Galdikas, 1981)(Galdikas, 1995)(Kaplan and Rogers, 1994)
(Leighton, et al., 1995)(Nadler, 1988)


Reproduction Courtship Gestation: 227-301 days

Life Stages: Age ranges for life stages vary by author  

      Birth       Infant (0-2.5 years)       Juvenile (2.5 - 7 years)       Adolescent (7-10 years)       Sub adult Male (10-15 years)       Adult (Female: 8+ years; Males: 15 + years)
Longevity Mortality

DISEASES AND PATHOLOGY
(Rijksen, 1978)(Smits, et al., 1995)


MANAGED CARE
(Debnar, 2002)(Maple, 1980)(Smits et al., 1995)


CONSERVATION AND POPULATION STATUS
(Hutchins, et al., 2001)(Rijksen, 2001)
Population Status Conservation  Threats to survival
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